The Center for Field Research (CFR) reviews and recommends proposals for support by Earthwatch Institute . Earthwatch Institute sponsors field studies worldwide by scholars working to investigate and/or conserve the Earth's physical, biological, and cultural heritage. Interested scholars should submit to CFR a two-page description of planned research and field methods including dates, budget, and plans for the use of Earthwatch Institute volunteers as field assistants. If funding for the proposed research is deemed appropriate, a more detailed full proposal will be invited for peer review. Earthwatch Institute and The Center for Field Research are not-for-profit organizations. The 1985 program was distributed as follows among the Life Sciences, Physical Sciences, and Social Sciences. We are pleased to announce that the following projects were approved for Earthwatch Institute support in fiscal year 1985.
Life Sciences
Ecology
Dr. William H. Calvert, Adjunct Assistant Professor of Zoology, University of Florida. Overwintering Biology of the Monarch Butterfly, Mexico.
Dr. Terry L. Erwin, Curator, Department of Entomology and Deputy Director for Research, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution. Microdistribution of Tree Species at Tambopata Nature Reserve and Applied Tropical Forest Dynamics: Adapting Raised Garden Methods, Peru.
Dr. D. Carl Freeman, Associate Professor of Biology, Wayne State University · Dr. John M. Emlen, Professor of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University. Density-dependent Studies of Desert Perennials and Small Mammals and the Interaction Assessment Technique, Utah.
Peter R. Guy, Private Engineering Consultant · Dr. Karl Kucera, Senior Soil Scientist and Remote Sensing Specialist, Montreal Engineering Company. The Use of Satellite Photography in the Assessment of Vegetation Changes Induced by Elephants and Fire, Zimbabwe.
Dr. Stephen P. Hubbell, Professor of Zoology, University of Iowa and Biologist, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute · Dr. Robin B. Foster, Research Associate, Chicago Field Museum of Natural History and Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute. The Structure and Dynamics of a Tropical Rain Forest, Panama.
Dr. David W. Inouye, Associate Professor of Zoology, University of Maryland. Rocky Mountain Plants and Pollinators, Colorado.
Dr. Mark Leighton, Assistant Professor, Department of Anthropology, Harvard University. Comparative Ecology of Plant-Vertebrate Interactions among Tropical Forest Habitats, Borneo.
Dr. Margaret Lowman, Research Fellow, University of New England, New South Wales, Australia. Implications of Insect Herbivory in Australian Rain Forests of New South Wales, Australia.
Dr. Pamela J. Parker, Conservation Biologist, Chicago Zoological Society. Sustained Coexistance of Domestic Stock and Native Biota in the Arid Zone of South Australia.
Dr. David C. Paton, Senior Teaching Fellow, Department of Zoology, University of Adelaide, Australia. Food Requirements, Distribution and Ecology of Waterbirds in the Southern Lagoon of the Coorong, Australia.
Dr. Michael E. Soulé, Senior Investigator, Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Colorado and Adjunct Professor of Natural Resources, University of Michigan. Long-term Ecological Studies of the Subalpine Meadow Ecosystems, Colorado.
Mammalogy-Marine
Dr. Louis M. Herman, Director, Kewalo Basin Marine Mammal Laboratory and Professor of Psychology, University of Hawaii at Manoa · Dr. Joseph R. Mobley, Jr., Senior Researcher, University of Hawaii · Gordon B. Bauer, Research Associate, Kewalo Basin Marine Mammal Laboratory. Social Behavior of Humpback Whales, Hawaii.
Dr. Louis M. Herman, Director, Kewalo Basin Marine Mammal Laboratory and Professor of Psychology, University of Hawaii at Manoa · Dr. James P. Wolz, Research Associate, Kewalo Basin Marine Mammal Laboratory. Language Comprehension by Bottlenose Dolphins, Hawaii.
Randall S. Wells, Doctoral Candidate, Joseph M. Long Marine Laboratory, University of California at Santa Cru. Population Biology and Behavior of Atlantic Bottlenose Dolphins, Florida.
Mammalogy-Terrestrial
Dr. Terence J. Dawson, Professor and Head, School of Zoology, University of New South Wales, Australia. Study of Physiology and Behavior of Arid Zone Kangaroos, Australia.
Dr. Biruté M. F. Galdikas, Adjunct Associate Professor of Anthropology, University of New Mexico and Director, Orangutan Research and Conservation Project. Long-term Research on Wild Orangutans at Tanjung Puting National Park, Indonesia.
Dr. Kenneth E. Glander, Associate Professor of Anthropology, Duke University. Howling Monkeys: A Long-term Study of Ecology and Behavior, Costa Rica.
Dr. John L. Hoogland, Professor, Princeton University. Social Behavior of Prairie Dogs, South Dakota.
Dr. G. Roy Horst, Associate Professor of Biology, State University College of Arts and Science, Potsdam, New York · Donald B. Hoagland, Doctoral Candidate in Zoology, University of Vermont. Population Dynamics of Feral Mongoose in Two Island Ecosystems, St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands and Hawaii.
Rodney Johnson, Doctoral Candidate, University of Colorado. Allo-Grooming Among Rhesus Monkeys in Nepal: A Functional Analysis, Nepal.
Dr. Alison Jolly, The Rockefeller University. Census and Study of Ranging Patterns in White Sifakas in the Berenty Reserve, Madagascar.
Dr. Roger A. Powell, Assistant Professor of Biology, North Carolina State University. Black Bear Social Organization: Territoriality and Habitat Productivity, North Carolina.
Dr. William L. Robinson, Professor of Biology, Northern Michigan University and Wildlife Research Biologist, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Activity Patterns, Movement Rates and Home Range Use of the Timber Wolf, Wisconsin and Minnesota.
Dr. Oscar G. Ward, Associate Professor of Ecology and Evolution, University of Arizona · Dr. Doris H. Wurster-Hill, Research Professor of Pathology, Dartmouth Medical College. The Raccoon Dog: Behavior, Ecology, and Cytotaxonomy, Japan.
Marine Biology
Dr. Clarence Button, Professor, Memorial University of Newfoundland · Dr. Deane Renouf, Associate Professor, Department of Psychology (same institution). Social Behavior of Western Atlantic Harbor and Grey Seals, St. Pierre and Miquelon Islands.
Scott Alan Eckert, Co-Director, Field Operations, St. Croix Leatherback Recovery Team · Karen Lind Eckert, Co-Director, Field Operations (same institution). Breeding Biology of the Leatherback Sea Turtle, St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands.
Sean Furniss, Project Director, Caribbean Islands National Wildlife Refuges, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Puerto Rico · Dr. Juan Gonzalez, Assistant Director, Department of Marine Sciences, University of Puerto Rico. Breeding Biology of Marine Turtles in the Culebra Archipelago, Puerto Rico.
Dr. Jennifer A. Mather, Assistant Professor of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, Canada. Behavioral Ecology of the Octopus, Bermuda.
Dr. George V. N. Powell, Staff Scientist, National Audubon Society. Ecological Analysis of Shallow-water Habitats in Florida Bay, Florida.
Dr. Thomas Suchanek, Research Associate, University of California at Davis and Bodega Marine Laboratory, California. Impact of Bioturbation by Callianassid Shrimp on Tropical Nearshore Environments, Papua New Guinea.
James M. Sutherland, Research Biologist, Sea Mammal Research Unit, Sussex University, England. The Biology and Conservation of the Loggerhead Turtle, Greece.
Ornithology
Dr. George Archibald, President, International Crane Foundation. Cranes of Zha Lung, People's Republic of China.
Dr. William H. Drury, Professor of Evolutionary Biology, College of the Atlantic · Richard H. Podolsky, Doctoral Candidate, University of Michigan. Habitat Use, Feeding Behavior and Timing of Peregrine Falcon and Hawk Migration on the Islands of Maine.
Dr. Robert W. Furness, Lecturer in Zoology, University of Glasgow, Scotland · Laughton Johnston, Chief Warden, Nature Conservancy Council. Influence of Eagles and Other Predators on Shearwater Populations on the Isle of Rhum, Scotland.
Dr. James A. Gessaman, Associate Professor of Biology, Utah State University · Stephen Hoffman, Endangered Species Biologist, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The Goshute Mountain Project: a Long-term Study of Western Raptor Migration, Utah.
Dr. Heinz Hafner, Research Ornithologist, Station Biologique de la Tour du Valet, France · Stuart Gregory, Research Ornithologist (same institution). Effect of Habitat Quality Upon Feeding and Breeding Success of Little Egrets, Black-Crowned Herons and Grey Herons in the Camargue, France.
Dr. Jack P. Hailman, Professor of Zoology, University of Wisconsin. Behavioral Mechanisms of Social Structure: An Analysis of Helping Behavior in Florida Scrub Jays.
Dr. James R. Karr, Deputy Director, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute. Panamanian Forest Birds: The Dynamics of Habitat Selection in Space and Time, Panama.
Dr. Michael E. Moser, Estuaries Officer, British Trust for Ornithology, Nature Conservancy Council, Royal Society for the Protection of Birds. Coastal Site Conservation Assessment of the West Coast of Scotland for Wintering Shorebirds.
Dr. Ralph W. Schreiber, Curator and Section Head, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County. Breeding Biology of Tropical Seabirds: Recovery from the El Nino Anomaly, Christmas Island, Republic of Kiribati.
Physical Sciences
Geology
Dr. Geoff C. Brown, Professor of Earth Sciences, The Open University, England. Physical Volcanology of Askja Volcano, Iceland.
Dr. David R. Kobluk, Assistant Professor of Paleontology, University of Toronto, Canada. Ecology and Geology of Shallow Water Reef Cavity Systems: Coral Reefs of Bonaire, Netherlands Antilles, and Intertidal Reef Flats of Malololailai Island, Fiji.
Paleontology
Dr. George Callison, Professor of Biology, California State University. Fossils of the Fruita Paleontological Area, Colorado.
Dr. B. Miles Gilbert, Adjunct Research Associate, University of Kansas, Northern Arizona University, and The Museum of Northern Arizona. Fossils of Natural Trap Cave, Wyoming.
Dr. David W. Krause, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, State University of New York at Stony Brook. Evolutionary History of Paleocene Mammals in Western North America, Montana.
Social Sciences
Anthropology
Dr. Karen Gottlieb, Assistant Professor of Anthropology and Genetics, Pennsylvania State University. Marriage Patterns in the Channel Islands, Isle of Jersey.
Archaeology
Dr. Marvin J. Allison, Professor of Anthropology, University of Tarapacá, Chile. Reconstructing South Central Andean Prehistory, Chile.
Martin Biddle, Director, Winchester Research Unit, University of Cambridge, England · Birthe Kj¿lbye-Biddle, Research Coordinator (same institution) · Dr. Harold M. Taylor, Architectural Historian (same institution). Anglo-Saxon and Viking Repton: Excavation of the Church at St. Wystan, England.
David R. Bush, Director, Archaeology Laboratory, Case Western Reserve University. Norma Grantham: Learning from a Prehistoric Cemetery, Ohio.
Dr. John R. Collis, Senior Lecturer, Department of Archaeology and Prehistory, University of Sheffield, England. The Auvergne Survey: Origins of Urbanization, France.
Daniel Evett, Assistant Professor of Anthropology, Ithaca College. The Early Neolithic of the Tavoliere, Italy: Excavations and Survey at Ripa Tetta, Italy.
Dr. William L. Fash, Assistant Professor, Department of Anthropology, Northern Illinois University. Archaeology and Iconography at Copan, Honduras.
Dr. Ervan G. Garrison, Associate Research Scientist, Department of Civil Engineering, Texas A&M University · Dr. E. Gary Stickel, Director of Research, Environmental Research Archaeologists, California. Archaeological Instrument Survey of Lac De Neuchatel, Switzerland.
D. Blair Gibson, Doctoral Candidate in Anthropology, University of California at Los Angeles. Evolution of Complex Social Organization and Political Systems Among Prehistoric Pastoralists, Ireland.
Dr. Russell G. Handsman, Director Field Research, American Indian Archaeological Institution, Connecticut · George Nicholas, Research Associate (same institution). Archaeology of the Earliest Occupants of Northwestern Connecticut.
Dr. Richard J. Harrison, Lecturer in Archaeology, University of Bristol, U.K. Paleoeconomy of a Metal-Using Society of Bronze Age in Northern Spain.
Dr. Charles F. W. Higham, Professor of Anthropology, University of Otago, New Zealand. The Origins and Implications of Rice Domestication in Southeast Asia, Thailand.
Dr. Cynthia Irwin-Williams, Executive Director, Social Sciences Center at the Desert Research Institute, University of Nevada. Oshara: New Approaches to Ancient Hunters of the Southwest, New Mexico.
Dr. E. Ann F. Kendall, Lecturer, Institute of Archaeology, University of London, England. Archaeological Study of Inca and Pre-Inca Occupation of the Cusichaca Valley, Peru.
Dr. Hiro Kurashina, Research Archaeologist, Micronesia Area Research Center, University of Guam · Dr. Rebecca A. Stephenson, Associate Professor of Anthropology (same institution). Mapping and Stabilizing Ancient Polynesian Monuments, Cook Islands.
J. Jefferson MacKinnon, Adjunct Assistant Professor of Anthropology, University of Wisconsin. Point Placencia Archaeological Project: The Ecology, Economy and Role of Coastal Areas in the Development of Maya Society, Belize.
Deborah Marcus, Cultural Resource Management Specialist, Native American Writing Research Associates · John Noxon, Cultural Resource Management Specialist (same institution). Prehistoric Rock Art of Southeast Utah.
Dr. Harold C. Mytum, Lecturer in Archaeology, University of York, England. Experimental Archaeology at Castell Henllys, Wales.
Dr. Patricia J. Netherly, Senior Pre-columbian Research Fellow, Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, D.C. · Dr. Thomas D. Dillehay, Associate Professor of Anthropology, University of Kentucky. Pre-ceramic Occupation and Ecology of the Upper Zana Valley, Peru.
Presley Norton, President, Program for New World Anthropology, Ecuador. The Island Sanctuary of Salango: Ancient Settlement Patterns and Long-distance Trade along the Pacific Coast of South America, Ecuador.
Dr. Michael J. O'Brien, Assistant Professor of Anthropology and Director of American Archaeology, University of Missouri-Columbia. Colonial History and Archaeology of Early Ste. Genevieve: The Saline Creek Site, Missouri.
Dominic Powlesland, Director, Heslerton Parish Archaeological Project, England and Visiting Lecturer in Archaeology, University of York, England. An Investigation of the Roman Settlement Patterns in the Vale of Pickering, Eastern Yorkshire, England.
Dr. David Price Williams, Field Director, Swaziland Archaeological Research Association, Swaziland National Trust Commission/University of London. Excavations at Siphosa Cave: Microlithic Cultures of the Late Pleistocene and Holocene in Southeast Africa, Swaziland.
Dr. Lydia M. Pulsipher, Assistant Professor of Geography, University of Tennessee. Ethnoarchaeology and the Study of Slave Lifeways, Montserrat.
Dr. Harry J. Shafer, Professor of Anthropology, Texas A&M University. Interdisciplinary Archaeological Study of the Mimbres Mongollen Lifestyle, New Mexico.
Dr. Yosihiko H. Sinoto, Chairman, Department of Anthropology, Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Hawaii. Fa'ahia: Archaeology of an Early Seafaring Culture, Huahine, French Polynesia.
Dr. David Hurst Thomas, Curator, Department of Anthropology, American Museum of Natural History. Early Colonial History and Archaeology of St. Catharine's Island, Georgia.
Captain Percy J. Trezise, Research Associate, Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies. Artists of the Sandstone: Aboriginal Rock Art of Quinkin County, Cape York Peninsula, Australia.
Dr. William H. Waldren, Director, Deya Archaeological Museum and Research Center, Spain. Prehistoric Man of Majorca, Spain.
Dr. Gary Rex Walters, Director, Triad Research Services, Inc., Missouri. The Preclassic Maya at Tikal, Guatemala.
Dr. Bailey K. Young, Assistant Professor of History, University of Paris · Dr. Christian Sapin, Professor, Ecole des Beaux Arts, Dijon, France. Early Christian and Medieval Autun, France.
Dr. Marek Zvelebil, Junior Research Fellow, University of Sheffield, England · Dr. Stanton W. Green, Assistant Professor, Department of Anthropology, University of South Carolina. Early Irish Prehistory: The Transition from Foraging to Farming, Ireland.
Humanities
Sachiyo Ito, Faculty of Dance and Dance Education, New York University. Religious and Folk Origins of Okinawan Dance, Japan.
Paul P. Sun, Architect, Sheply, Bulfinch, Richardson and Abbott, Boston · Rhoda Sun, Consultant in Health Care and Commercial Interests in China and the United States. Vernacular Architecture of Southeastern China, People's Republic of China.
Dr. Andrew Toth, Visiting Professor, Indonesian Academy of Dance, Den Pasar, Bali. The Manufacture of Balinese Musical Instruments, Indonesia.
Public Health
Dr. Lloyd Axelrod, Physician, Massachusetts General Hospital. The Relationship of Black Tree Fungus to Decreased Platelet Aggregation in Humans, People's Republic of China.
Dr. Prisca N. Nemapare, Assistant Professor of Foods and Nutrition, Ohio University. A Maternal Dietary Behavior Survey for Zimbabwe.
Sustainable Development
Dr. Walter H. Adey, Director, Marine Systems Laboratory, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution. Open Ocean Mariculture: Developing a New Food Source for Caribbean Countries, Antiqua.